exec() Function in Python

Python exec() Function

The exec() function in Python is a built-in function that allows you to dynamically execute Python code stored in a string or code object. It is commonly used when you need to execute arbitrary code at runtime or when you want to interpret and run code that is generated or obtained during program execution.

The syntax of the exec() function is as follows:

exec(object, globals, locals)

The object parameter can be a string containing Python code or a compiled code object. This code will be executed by the exec() function.

The globals and locals parameters are optional. They represent the global and local namespaces, respectively, in which the code will be executed. If not provided, the code will be executed in the current global and local namespaces.

When you call exec(), it will interpret and execute the code contained in the object parameter. The code can include any valid Python statements, expressions, or definitions.

Here's an example that demonstrates the usage of the exec() function:

code = """
for i in range(5):
    print(i)
"""

exec(code)

In this example, the code stored in the code variable is executed using exec(), resulting in the output:

0
1
2
3
4

It's important to exercise caution when using the exec() function, especially if the code being executed comes from an untrusted source. Executing arbitrary code can pose security risks if not handled carefully.

It's generally recommended to consider alternative approaches such as using functions, classes, or libraries to achieve your goals, as they provide better structure and maintainability. However, in certain scenarios where dynamic code execution is necessary, the exec() function can be a useful tool.